Canon, i.e. Tolkien-created nouns in Adunaic, Westron and their ancestors, the Edain languages, that are related to both inorganic and organic nature.
Nouns in canon Adunaic with the theme of nature
- kulub, kulbu, kulbî - pron. kulub, kulbu, kulbee - "root vegetable" (common, species gender), "root vegetable" (sg.), "(specimens/pieces of) root vegetables" (sg.) - Kulub je kolektívnym, druhovým číslom pre samotný koncept (koreňovú zeleninu) a kulbu je sekundárne odvodeným jednotným číslom pre koreňovú zeleninu (jeden jej exemplár, jeden kus, napr. jeden kus mrkvy alebo petržlenu).
- nîlu,nîlî - pron. neelu, neelee - "moon" (sg.), "moons" (pl.) - Ako všetky
neživé a abstraktné termíny v adunajčine, aj slovo pre mesiac je
podstatným menom stredného rodu. Jedinú výnimku predstavuje
personifikované slovo pre mesiac (s veľkým M, resp. ako naša Luna), Nîlû, vtedy je mesiac mužského rodu. Podmetový tvar slova "mesiac" v jednotnom čísle je nîlô, v množnom čísle nîlîya, a podmetový tvar slova mesiac je nîlu.
- urud, urîd - pron. urud, ureed - "fell", "mountain" (sg.), "fells", "mountains" (pl.) -
- urug, urîg, urgu, urgî - pron. ur-ug, ur-eeg, ur-gu, ur-gee - "bear" (sg. common, species gender), "bears" (pl.), "bear" (sg. masc.), "she-bear" (sg. fem.) -
- agan - pron. agan - "death" - Death in the sense of a natural phenomenna, natural process. It appears that in the cultural context, there also existed a figurative, personified form of the term, specifically Agân, written exclusively with a capital letter and the long form (á) of the second a consonant.
- azra, azrî, azrat - pron. azra, azrí, azrat - "sea" (sg.), "seas" (pl.), "a pair of seas" (dl.) - azra, "sea", azrí, "seas", azrat, "a pair of seas" (Ad.) - Canon Adunaic terms.
- azra-zâin - pron. azra-zaa-yn - "prímorské kraje", "morské kraje" - A canon Adunaic term.
- huzun, huzîn, huznat - pron. huz-un, huz-een, huz-nut - "ear" (sg.), "ears" (pl.), "a pair of ears" (dl.) - The singular, plural and dual grammatical number for the terms "ear", "ears". One of the few terms for body parts and organs that we have in the canon vocabulary.
- inzil - pron. inzil - "flower" - One of the few terms for plants that we have in the canon vocabulary. One is downright surprised, that Tolkien didn't at least invent one more term, for a tree or similar, for the existing vocabulary.
- karab, karîb, karbû, karbî - pron. car-rub, car-eeb, car-boo, car-bee - "horse" (species, common gender), "horses" (pl.), "stallion" (masc., sg,), "mare" (fem., sg.) - There is a parallel between the noun declension of this term and the declension of the term for a bear, bears.
- khibil, khibîl - pron. khi-bil, khi-beel - "spring" (of water), "springs" (of water) - Výslovnostne dbajte prosím na to, že množné číslo sa odlišuje len poslednou, dlhou samohláskou. Tento výraz sa dá používať aj v zmysle "studňa", "studnička", "studne", "studničky" (hlavne v zmysle prameňa alebo studničky v prírode, nie dedinskej studne). Vzhľadom na neprítomnosť zvuku "ch" v západčine (aspoň vo väčšine jej foriem) nie je isté, či sa v západčine tento výraz vyslovoval s "ch". Pravdepodobnejšie by asi bolo nahradenie "ch" písmenom "h", a západská verzia by asi znela hibil a hibîl.
- khô, khôi - pron. kh-oo (-oo- as in "door"), kh-oo-y (-oo- as in "door) - "crow", "crows" - The subjective case is khâu.
- kulub, kulbu, kulbî - pron. kul-ub, kul-bu, kul-bee - "root vegetable" (species, common gender), "root vegetable" (sg.), "(specimens of) root vegetables" (pl.) - Kulub is a collective, species gender for the concept itself (root vegetable) and kulbu is a secondarily derived singular number for root vegetable (one of its specimens, a single piece, e.g. a single piece of carrot or parsley).
- minal - pron. minal - "sky", "heavens" - Compare the Adunaic name of the tallest mountain of Númenor, "Heavenly Pillar", "Pillar of the Heavens", Minul-târik, with its elvish equivalent, Meneltarma.
- nîlu, nîlî - pron. neel-u, neel-ee - "moon" (sg.), "moons" (pl.) - As all the inanimate and abstract terms in Adunaic, the word for moon is also a noun of neuter gender. The only exception is represeted by the personified name for the moon (with a capital M, or akin to our term Luna/Lune), Nîlû, when the moon is in the masculine gender. The subjective case of the word "moon" in the singular number is nîlô, in the plural number nîlîya, and the objective form of the word "moon" is nîlu.
- pûh - pron. pooh - "breath" -
- raba, rabî, rabô, rabê - pron. rub-uh, rub-ee, rub-ó (-oo as in "door"), rub-é - "dog" (species, com. gender), "pdogs" (m. č.), "pes" (muž. rod, j. č.), "sučka" (žen. rod, j. č.) - urîd
- rûkh - pron. roo-kh - "shout", "yell" - Výkrik, vykríknutie, jav uskutočniteľný ľudským hlasom. Výraz bol uvádzaný v zozname podstatných mien, takže ide najskôr o podstatné meno a slovesné odvodeniny sú asi o niečo dlhšieho tvaru.
- sakal - pron. sakal - "shore" - Uvádzané je iba ako "breh", pravdepodobne najmä v zmysle "pobrežie" (mora), ale zjavne aj v zmysle "breh rieky, jazera". Vyskytuje sa v adunajskom panovníckom mene Sakalthôr ("Brehu-syn", "Pobrežia-syn").
- ûri (Ad.), uir (W.) - pron. úri, uir - "slnko" - Zdá sa, že aspoň v kultúrnom kontexte adunajčiny existovala aj obrazná, personifikovaná forma výrazu, a to Ûri, písaná výlučne s veľkým začiatočným písmenom. Vo výraze badať vplyv slovotvorných koreňov zo slov elfských jazykov, obzvlášť ur-, teda "horúce", "blčiace". Z Tolkienových poznámok sa zdá, že, slovo uir bola neskoršia forma výrazu "slnko", v západčine, s trochu zmenenou výslovnosťou. Či bol výraz uir nárečovejšiu formu formálnejšieho ûri alebo nahradil pôvodný výraz, nie je z poznámok jasné. (V P-AdW budeme uir používať ako nárečovejšiu formu slova "slnko" v západčine.)
- Ûrinîluwat - pron. Úriníluvat - "Slnko a Mesiac" (ako dvojica) - Slnko a Mesiac ako frazeologizmus, ako nerozlučná dvojica. Využité je tu duálne číslo adunajčiny (-at), používané pre prirodzené páry a prirodzené dvojice prírodných javov.
- urud, urîd - pron. ur-ud, u-reed - "mountain", "mount", "fell" (sg.), "mountains", "mount", "fells" (pl.) - Priamo uvedený je len tvar v množnom čísle, urîd, ale na základe poznámok ku gramatike skloňovania a gramatických čísel a ďalších príkladov vieme, že tvar v jednotnom čísle je urud. The term shows the influence of word roots from elvish languages, especially orot, "mountain", and its form in Sindarin, orod, "mountain", "mount".
- urug, urîg, urgû, urgî - pron. ur-ug, ur-eeg, ur-goo, ur-gee - "bear" (species, com. gen.), "bears" (pl.), "(male) bear" (masc. gen., sg.), "she-bear", "female bear" (fem. gen., pl.) - A parallel in the declension of this term also occurs in the term for a horse, horses.
- zâyan or zâyin (sg.), zâin (pl.) - pron. zaa-yan, zaa-yin (sg.), zaayn (pl.) - "land", "country" (sg.), "lands", "countries" (pl.) - Land in the sense of dry land, a region, a part of the world, or a country. The dialect form of the singular number was zen, mentioned in passing in Tolkien's notes.
- zimra - pron. zimra - "klenot" - Vyskytuje sa v adunajských panovníckych menách Zimrathôn (elfsky Hostamir, "Zhromažďovač klenotov") a Zimraphel (elfsky Míriel, "Klenotu-dcéra", tiež od elfského mírë, "klenot"), ale aj v edainskom ženskom mene Zimrahin ("Klenotu-dieťa"), z Hadorovho rodu (slovo je teda pôvodom z ich nárečia, hadorčiny, jednej z predchodkýň neskoršej adunajčiny).
- zôr - pron. zoor (-oo- as in "door") - 1.) "flame", 2.) "foam", "foaming"
- It is quite interesting that this Adunaic term has, according to Tolkien's notes, two different meanings. Maybe in the cultural-linguistic psychology of Adunaic users, the phenomennon of foaming water and the phenomennon of flame above a fire was considered a similar natural concept ? Who knows.
Nouns in canon Westron with a nature theme
Nouns in Edain languages and Taliska with a nature theme
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Maybe you'll ask, bewildered, "And that's it ?!". Unfortunately, if we are to follow purely Tolkien's surviving notes (and virtually all of them have been published to date), we don't have much more to go on. We don't even have an explicit term for a tree, and if it wasn't for the Edain language ancestors of later Adunaic and Westron, we wouldn't even have the basic idea of how you'd say a simple and ordinary word such as "stone", "rock".
However, even with this more limited vocabulary, one can achieve a surprising amount of progress. These can be used to form several newly-introduced terms, without even borrowing and modifying loanwords from Tolkien's other fictional languages. What is even more substantial is the fact that these terms' singular and plural numbers, and the forms of their noun declension, provide us with a skillful linguistic aid during the creation of newly-introduced terms that were based on loanwords from other Tolkien languages and underwent a phonetic modification into forms more similar to those of canon words in Adunaic and Westron.
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