New additions - Nouns - Thinking beings, supernatural beings and monsters

Novotvary podstatných mien pre P-AdW adunajčinu a P-AdW západčinu, s témou mysliacich bytostí, nadprirodzených bytostí a príšer.

 

 

These terms describe thinking beings that occur in Tolkien's Legendarium.

(C) Ralph Damiani - Ainulindalë

----

 

General terms and grammatical gender terms independent of the exact type of being

• NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES
• anû - pron. anoo - "mužská osoba", "samec" - Všeobecný výraz pre živé tvory samčieho, mužského rodu.
  
• anê - pron. ané - "ženská osoba", "samica" - Všeobecný výraz pre živé tvory samičieho, ženského rodu. 
• ilam  - vysl. ilam - "plemeno" - lie, "plemeno", "kultúra" (Q.) - Odvodené od uvedeného quenijského výrazu. Všeobecný výraz pre niektorý z druhov mysliacich bytostí, prípadne aj pre niektoré kultúry, ktoré sa navzájom výrazne odlišujú a pochádzajú z odlišných kútov sveta. Výraz sa používa aj pri zdomácnených zvieratách, ale už v doslovnejšom slova zmysle. 
  
• nanêv, nanîv - pron. nanév, naneev - "being", "creature" (sg.), "beings", "creatures" (pl.) - návë, "being", "creature" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term.
  
• nesên, nesîn - pron. ne-sén, ne-seen - "nature" (sg.), "natures" (pl.) - nassë, "nature", "essence", "true-being" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term. The source term and the newly-introduced term express both the literal meaning and the figurative meaning of the word.
  

 

Thinking beings

• NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES
• anâ, anâi, anât - pron. aná, anái, anát - "človek", "ľudská bytosť" (sg.), "ľudia", "ľudské bytosti" (pl.), "dvojica ľudí", "dvojica ľudských bytostí" (dl.) 
• anô, anôi, anôt - pron. anó, anói, anót - "ľudský muž" (sg), "ľudskí muži" (pl.), "dvojica ľudských mužov" (dl.) - Všeobecné termíny špeciálne pre ľudí mužského rodu, ľudských mužov. 
• anê, anî, aniyât - pron. ané, aní, aniját - "ľudská žena" (sg.), "ľudské ženy" (pl.), "dvojica ľudských žien" (dl.) - Všeobecné termíny špeciálne pre ľudí mužského rodu, ľudských mužov. 
• kharanâ, kharanâi, kharanât (Ad.), haranâ, haranâi, haranât (Z.) - pron. (c)haraná, (c)haranáj, (c)haranát - "divý človek", "Drúadančan" (sg.), "diví ľudia", "Drúadančania" (pl.), "dvojica ľudí", "dvojica Drúadančanov" (dl.)  - Alias Wosovia. Výraz sa dá použiť aj vo všeobecnom zmysle "divoch", "divosi", "dvojica divochov", ale funguje aj ako druhové označenie pre Drúadanov ako osobitnú formu ľudí v Stredozemi, odlišnú od "veľkých" ľudí (t. j. nás), hobitov, aj Beorningov. Ak sa o Drúadanoch niekto rozhodne písať ako o národnosti, tieto tri výrazy píše s veľkým začiatočným písmenom, tak ako mená ďalších stredozemských národností. 
• skêlrahyanâ, skêlrahyanâi, skêlrahyanât - pron. skélrahjaná, skélrahjanáj, skélrahjanát - "kožomenec" (sg.), "kožomeňci" (pl.), "dvojica kožomeňcov" (dl.)  - Alias Beorningovia so schopnosťami "kožomeňcov" (v angl. origináli skinchanger), napr. aj sám Beorn. Výraz sa má používať len ako druhové označenie pre ľudí v Stredozemi, ktorí dokážu čarodejne meniť svoju podobu po podoby divého zvieraťa (napr. v Beornovom prípade je to medveď) a sú už na prvý pohľad odlišný od "veľkých" ľudí (t. j. nás), hobitov, aj Drúadančanov/Wosov. Ak sa hovorí o Beorningoch ako o národnosti, používa sa pre nich úplne iný výraz (na to určený), pretože väčšina Beorningov nie sú kožomeňci. Daný národnostný výraz sa na rozdiel od výrazu kožomenec píše s veľkým začiatočným písmenom, tak ako mená ďalších stredozemských národností.
• banakil, banakîlim, banakilât - pron. bun-a-kil, bun-a-ki-leem, bun-a-ki-laat - "polovičný", "hobit" (sg.), "poloviční", "hobiti" (pl.), "dvojica polovičných", "dvojica hobitov" (dl.) - banakil, "polovičný", "hobit" (Z.) - A canon Westron term. The literal meaning is "half-sized", "halfling".
  
• narag, narîg, nargât - pron. narag, naríg, nargát - "trpaslík" (j. č.), "trpaslíci" (m. č.), "pár trpaslíkov", "dvojica trpaslíkov" (p. m. č.) - narag, "trpaslík" (Z.) - Výraz z kánonickej západčiny. Pomenovanie pre príslušníka civilizácie trpaslíkov (anglicky dwarf, Dwarf).
  
• nargô, nargôi, nargôt - vysl. nargó, nargói, nargót - "trpaslík", "trpasličí muž" (j. č.), "trpaslíci" (m. č.), "dvojica trpaslíkov" (p. m. č.) - narag, "trpaslík" (Z.) - Všeobecné termíny špeciálne pre trpaslíkov mužského rodu, trpasličích mužov. Odvodené od prípon pre ľudských a elfských mužov v kánonickej adunajčine a západčine. Výraz Aglarnargô by bol veľmi zdvorilým (a formálnym) spôsobom oslovenia trpasličieho muža, trpasličieho pána.
• nargi, nargî, nargîyât - vysl. nargi, nargí, nargíját - "trpaslíčka", "trpasličia žena" (sg.), "trpaslíčky" (pl.), "dvojica trpaslíčiek" (dl.) - narag, "trpaslík" (Z.) - Všeobecné termíny špeciálne pre trpaslíkov ženského rodu, trpasličie ženy, trpaslíčky. Odvodené od prípon pre ľudské a elfské ženy v kánonickej adunajčine a západčine. Výraz Aglarnargî by bol veľmi zdvorilým (a formálnym) spôsobom oslovenia trpasličej ženy, trpasličej panej.
• nimir, nimîr, nimrât - vysl. nimir, nimír, nimrát - "elf" (sg.), "elves" (pl.), "a duo of elves" (dl.) - Všeobecné termíny pre elfov (ako druh bytostí). V quenijčine by bol obdobou výraz Nimriyê.
• nimrô, nimrôi, nimrôt - vysl. nimró, nimrói, nimrót - "elfský muž" (sg.), "elfskí muži" (pl.), "dvojica elfských mužov" (dl.) - Všeobecné termíny špeciálne pre elfov mužského rodu, elfských mužov. Výraz Aglarnimrô by bol veľmi zdvorilým (a formálnym) spôsobom oslovenia elfského muža, elfského pána. 
  
• nimri, nimrî, nimriyât - vysl. nimri, nimrí, nimriyát - "elfská žena", "elfka" (sg.), "elfské ženy", "elfky" (pl.), "dvojica elfských žien", "dvojica elfiek" (dl.) - Všeobecné termíny špeciálne pre elfov ženského rodu, elfské ženy, elfky. Výraz Aglarnimri by bol veľmi zdvorilým (a formálnym) spôsobom oslovenia elfskej ženy, elfskej panej.  
• uruk, urîk, urkât - pron. uruk, urík, urkát - "ork", "škriatok" (sg.), "orkovia", "škriatkovia" (pl.), "dvojica orkov", "dvojica škriatkov" (dl.) - uruk, "ork", "škriatok" (Ad.), orco, urco, "ork", "škriatok" (Q.), orch, "ork", "škriatok" (S.) - Odvodené od kánonického adunajského výrazu (pri ktorom dal Tolkien jasne najavo, že má spoločnú etymológiu s verziami z elfských jazykov.)
  

For terms related to family and relatives, please see the separate article about that particular topic. 

 

Supernatural beings

• NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES
• Amarô, Amarôi, Amarôt - pron. A-ma-roo (-oo as in "door"), A-ma-roo-i (-oo- as in "door"), A-ma-root (-oo- as in "door") - "Maia" (sg.), "Maiar" (pl.), "a duo of Maiar" (dl.) -   - General terms for the Maiar (including Maiar of the masculine gender).
• Amarê, Amarênî, Amarêt - pron. A-ma-ré, A-ma-ré-nee, A-ma-rét - "a Maia of the feminine gender" (sg.), "Maiar of the feminine gender" (pl.), "a duo of Maiar of the feminine gender" (dl.) -   - Všeobecné termíny výlučne pre Maiarov ženského rodu, pre Maiarky.
• Avalô, Avalôi, Avalôt - pron. A-va-loo (-oo as in "door"), A-va-loo-i (-oo- as in "door"), A-va-loot (-oo- as in "door") - "a Vala" (sg.), "Valar" (pl.), "a duo of Valar" (dl.) -   - General terms for the Valar (including Valar of the masculine gender).
• Avalê, Avalênî, Avalêt - pron. A-va-lé, A-va-lé-ni, A-va-lét - "a Vala of the feminine gender" (sg.), "Valar of the feminine gender" (pl.), "a duo of Valar of the feminine gender" (dl.) -   - General terms for Valar of the feminine gender specifically, for Valar ladies of the Valar.
• Êru-bên - pron. Éru-bén - "Eru's servant", "Eruov služobník" (Vala) - A colloquial poetic term for a Vala, someone from among the Valar, male and female, Éru's servants.

 

 

 

Creatures and monsters

• NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES    
• gnarur, gnarîr, gnarât - pron. gna-rur, gna-reer, gnar-aat - "werewolf" (sg.), "werewolves" (pl.), "a duo of werewolves" (dl.) - naur, "werewolf" (Q.), gaur, "werewolf" (S.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term and Sindarin term. This newly-introduced P-AdW term is a certain linguistic compromise between the terms used in Quenya and Sindarin. Tolkien's werewolves are not the werewolves of folklore, but along with wargs, are unusually large to giant wolves, twisted by Sauron's dark arts, probably even inhabited by physically incarnated evil spirits. As with all monsters and ghastly creatures in Arda, these beings are also just a twisted, darkly modified version of ordinary animals or ordinary thinking beings.  
• ulug, ulîg, ulgât - pron. u-lug, u-leeg, ul-gaat - "troll" (sg.), "trolls" (pl.), "a duo of trolls" (dl.) - olog, "trol" (El.) - Derived from the elvish, specifically Eldarin word root, olog. This term is a fan addition, derived from the aforementioned Eldarin etymological source. We've also adopted this neologism into P-AdW Adunaic and P-AdW Westron.
• ugranô, ugranî - pron. u-gra-noo (-oo as in "door"), u-gra-nee - "evil/foul spirit", "dark spirit" (sg.), "evil/foul spirits", "dark spirits" (pl.) - ugru, "dark shadow", "ominous/evil shadow", "Shadow" (Ad.), manô, "spirit", "supernatural being" (Ad.) - Derived from the aforementioned canon Adunaic terms.  
• ugrulôkhun, ugrulokhîl, kôrlôkhun, kôrlôkhîl (Ad.), ugrulôhun, ugrulohíl, kôrlôhun, kôrlohíl (W.) - pron. ug-ru-loo-(k)hun (-oo- as in "door"), ug-ru-loo-(k)heel (-oo- as in "door"), koor/loo-(k)hun (-oo- as in "door"), koor-loo-(k)heel (-oo- as in "door") - "Ringwraith (Nazgûl)" (sg.), "Ringwraiths (Nazgûl)" (pl.) - ugru, "dark shadow", "ominous/evil shadow", "Shadow" (Ad.), lôkh-, word root for "twisted", "bent" (Ad.), kôr, "ring" (P-AdW) - Derived from canon Adunaic terms and a newly-introduced P-AdW term. Literally "shadow/dark-twisted", "shadow/dark-bent" or "ring-twisted", "ring-bent", which corresponds to the description of the real physical essence, spiritual state and behaviour of the Ringwraiths. (As was noted by Tom Shippey, one of the researchers of Tolkien§s literary works and their philosophical themes, the English word wraith, "an apparition", is also etymologically close to writhing, the movement of something "twisting", "twisted", "bent", and to wrath, "anger", "ire". The Ringwraiths are defined already by their shape and movement, not only physical, but also spiritual.) The Nazgûl in the guise of the "Black riders" would be dulgî karabnarî, with one "Black rider" a dulgu karabnaru. 
• tûrsac(la) ugranô, tûrsac(la/-lî) ugranî (W.), tûrsac-dûkan, tûrsac-dukîn (W. hobb. dial.) - pron. toor-suck-(la) u-gra-noo (-oo as in "door"), toor-suck(la/lee) u-gra-nee, toor-suck-dook-un, toor-suck-duk-een - "barrow wight", "barrow wights" - tûrsac, "barrow", "barrow grave", "burial mound" (P-AdW-W.), tûrsacla, "barrow", "burial mound", adj. (P-AdW-Z.), dûkan, "dweller",  (W./P-AdW-W.) - Derived from newly-introduced P-AdW terms and from a canon Westron term. All of the terms are in Westron, since these creatures probably did not occur yet in the Second Age, during the main era of Adunaic use. The second of the terms in P-AdW Westron is used mainly by hobbits, as their colloquial term for the creatures in their folk tales. (In the English original, hobbits also called the barrow wights "barrow dwellers", inhabitants of barrows. Also compare the overall term with the Rohan term kûd-dûkan, "hole-dweller", used for the hobbits.) 
• walûrog, balûrog, walûrag, balûrag, walûrig, balûrig, walûrat, balûrat - pron. va-loor-og, ba-loor-og, va-loor-ag, ba-loor-ag, va-loor-ig, ba-loor-ig, va-loor-at, ba-loor-at (-at like in "rut") - "balrog" (sg.), "balrogs" (pl.), "a duo of balrogs" (dl.) - valarauko, "balrog", lit. "mighty demon" (Q.), balrog, "balrog", lit. "mighy demon" (S.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya and Sindarin terms.
• lokkha, lokkhî (Ad.), loha, lohî (W.) - pron. lok-kha, lok-khee, lo-ha, lo-hee - "dragon", "wyrm" (sg.), "dragons", "wyrms" (pl.) - lókë, "dragon", "wyrm" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term. Ends in an -a ending suffix, because dragons are portrayed more or less as exclusively male. The P-AdW Adunaic ending suffix is -kkha, the P-AdW Westron ending suffix is -ha. Given the behaviour of Tolkien's dragons, these terms are also a good bit of wordplay or pun, on the Adunaic term meaning "crooked", "bent" (also in the ethical sense, also in the literal sense). 
• aphulokkha, aphulokkhî (Ad.), aphuloha, aphulohî (W.) - pron. a-fu-lok-kha, a-fu-lok-khee, a-fu-lo-ha, a-fu-lo-hee - "long-wyrm" (sg.), "long-wyrms" (pl.) - aph, "long" (Ad.), aphu-, "long", obj. c. (Ad.), lókë, "dragon", "wyrm" (Q.) - Derived from a canon Adunaic term and the aforementioned Quenya term. Štíhlejší drak s podlhovastejším telom, e.g. Scatha. Tolkien borrowed this term from the Old English (Anglo-Saxon) longwyrm, a "long wyrm", "long dragon", in more modern English longworm, denoting exactly this type of dragon (a type fairly widespread in legends, folk talkes and songs from the early Middle Ages). The P-AdW Adunaic ending suffix is -kkha, the P-AdW Westron ending suffix is -ha.
• kûdlokkha, kûdlokkhî (Ad.), kûdloha, kûdlohî (W.) - pron. kood-lok-kha, kood-lok-khee, kood-lo-ha, kood-lo-hee - "cave-drake", "lair-dragon" (sg.), "cave-drakes", "lair-dragons" (pl.) - kûd, "diera", "jaskyňa" (Z.), lókë, "dragon", "wyrm" (Q.) - Derived from a canon Westron term and from the aforementioned Quenya term and newly-introduced P-AdW term. A subtype of dragon that inhabits caves and caverns. The P-AdW Adunaic ending suffix is -kkha, the P-AdW Westron ending suffix is -ha. 
• râmalokkha, râmalokkhî (Ad.), râmaloha, râmalohî (W.) - pron. raa-ma-lok-kha, raa-ma-lok-khee, raa-ma-lo-ha, raa-ma-lo-hee - "winged dragon" (sg.), "winged dragons" (pl.) - râma, "wing", "sail", lókë, "dragon", "wyrm" (Q.) - Derived from newly-introduced P-AdW terms (derived from Quenya terms). A classic winged, flying dragon, e.g. Smaug, Ancalagon, etc. The P-AdW Adunaic ending suffix is -kkha, the P-AdW Westron ending suffix is -ha. 
• nitîrlokkha, nitîrlokkhî (Ad.), nitîrloha, nitîrlohî (W.) - pron. ni-teer-lok-kha, ni-teer-lok-khee, ni-teer-lo-ha, niteer-lo-hee - "fire-drake", "fire-breathing dragon" (sg.), "fire-drakes", "fire-breathing dragons" (pl.) - nitîr, "kindler" (Ad.), lókë, "dragon", "wyrm" (Q.) - Derived from a canon Adunaic term and from newly-introduced P-AdW terms (derived from a Quenya term). Literally "kindler-dragon", "igniting dragon". The P-AdW Adunaic ending suffix is -kkha, the P-AdW Westron ending suffix is -ha. 
• azrulokkha, azrulokkhî (Ad.), azruloha, azrulohî (W.) - pron. az-ru-lok-kha, az-ru-lok-khee, az-ru-lo-ha, az-ru-lo-hee - "sea serpent", "sea dragon" (sg.), "sea serpents", "sea serpents" (pl.) - azra, "sea" (Ad.), azru-, "sea-related" (Ad.), lókë, "dragon", "wyrm" (Q.) - Derived from a canon Adunaic term and from newly-introduced P-AdW terms (derived from a Quenya term). The P-AdW Adunaic ending suffix is -kkha, the P-AdW Westron ending suffix is -ha. 

That's severyhing for now. I hope that this overview will help you with the terminology for the individual types of thinking beings in Middle-earth and other parts of Arda.

----

Related articles

Slovak language version of this article




----

External links

Every Race in Middle-earth Explained (documentary video, Dr. Corey Olsen, June 2020, 38 min.)