New additions - Adverbs, prepositions, particles, conjunctions and interjections

New vocabulary of adverbs, prepositions, particles, conjunctions and interjections in P-AdW Adunaic and P-AdW Westron.

 

 

The article is under development.

Adverbs

• NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES   
• apam, apan - pron. apam/ap-um, apan/ap-un - "then suddenly", "in that moment" - apa, "potom" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term.
• apdô - pron. apdoo (-oo- as in "door") - "then" - ap-, word root for "then", "after" (P-AdW), îdô, "now" (Ad.) - Derived from a canon Adunaic term and a newly-introduced prefix. Literally "after-now".
• âhran - pron. aahran - "close" - har, "close", "at hand" (Q.) êphan, "far", "distantly" (P-AdW) - Derived from the aforementioned Quneya terma and from the newly-introduced P-AdW term êphan, "far", "distantly", in turn derived from the canon Adunaic term êphal, "far", "distant".
  
• âvan - pron. aavan - "outside" - ara, ava, "outside" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term. A general term for "outside", derived from the aforementioned Quenya term. For example, Nin âvan, "I am outside.". A related adjective is âva, "outer", "(of the) outside".
  
• âvada - pron. aavada - "out", "outwards" - ara, ava, "outside" (Q.), -ad, -ada, "towards" (Ad.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term and a canon Adunaic ending suffix. Similar to the Slovak grammatical distinction of the terms "vonku" (a location, where something is located or taking place) and "von" (a direction in which someone is travelling in, i.e. from the inside to the outside). For example, Niyad âvada, "I am going outside".
• dalad - pron. dull-ud - "below", "under" - dalad, "pod" (Ad.) - Canon Adunaic term. 
• dalada - pron. dull-ud-uh - "down", "downward" - dalad, "under" (Ad.), -ada, ending suffix for direction (Ad.) - Derived from canon Adunaic terms.
• dênoy - pron. dénoy - "forever", "eternally" - tennoio, "forever", "eternally" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term. 
  
• du - pron. du - "should", "should be" - du, "should", "should be" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term. V podmieňovacom spôsobe sa používa so spojovníkom (du-), pripojené k súvisiacemu slovesu.
  
• êphan - pron. é-fun - "far" - êphal, "far", "distant" (Ad.) - Derived from the canon Adunaic term  êphal, "far", "distant". The newly-introduced P-AdW adverb êphan also occurs in the form êphanak, "far away", "very distant".
• êphanak - pron. é-phu-nuck - "far away" - êphalak, "far away", "very distant" (Ad.) - Derived from the canon Adunaic term êphalak, "far away", "very distant".
  
• îrda - pron. eerduh, earduh - "first", "firstly", "first of" - îr, "one" (P-AdW) - Derived from the newly-introduced P-AdW term. 
  
• îrnar - pron. eernar, earnar - "alone", "(in a) lonely (manner)" - îr, "one" (P-AdW) - Derived from the newly-introduced P-AdW term.
• kharda (Ad.), harda (W.) - pron. kharda (Ad.), harda (W.) - "left", "leftward" - kharat, "south" (P-AdW-Ad.), harat, "south" (P-AdW-W.) - Derived from the newly-introduced P-AdW term for "south" (kharat, harat) in P-AdW Adunaic and P-AdW Westron. Inspired by the fact that the term for "south" and "north" in elvish have a shared etymology with the elvish terms for "left" and "right", because the elvish cultures perceived the west much like how modern day human cultures perceive the north (as a cardinal direction), or like how people in the Middle Ages perceived the east (even the term Orient is originally, etymologically related with orientation on a map). Adunaic's and Westron's terminology for north/south and right/left are the remnants of this elvish convention, even though they don't necessarily take it into account in everyday usage.  
  
• lînra - pron. leenra, leanra - "many", "many-" - lin-, li(n)-, limbë, adverb and word roots of "many" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term. Used separately, but in words such as "many-numbered", it uses a hyphen.
• lûwaram (Ad.), lûvaram (W.) - pron. loovaram - "in vain", "with futility" - alwara, "márne", "zbytočné" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term.
• mâd - pron. maad - "how" - manen, "how" (Q. adverb) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term, an adverb meaning "how".
  
• mâdlinra - pron. maadlinra - "how many" - mâd, "how" (P-AdW), lînra, "many" (P-AdW) - Derived from newly-introduced terms. Literally "how-many".
• nadan - pron. nadan - "after" - nad-, word root for "aft", "behind" (Ad.) - Derived from a canon Adunaic term.
• nâi - pron. nigh, naay - "maybe", "might" - nai, "maybe", "might" (Ad. - early version), nai, "might", "maybe" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term and a canon Adunaic term from Tolkien's notes on earlier versions of Adunaic. V podmieňovacom spôsobe sa používa so spojovníkom (nâi-), pripojené k súvisiacemu slovesu.
• nand - pron. nand - "back", "backwards" - nanda, nan- "back", "backwards" (Q.), nanwen, "return" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya terms.
• nêlum - pron. nélum - "always" - illumë, "always" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term. 
• nesênan, bânesênan  - pron. nesénan, baanesénan - "naturally", "unnaturally" - nesên, "nature", nesîn, "natures" (P-AdW),  bâ, bâ-, "not", "no-" (Ad.)  - Derived from the newly-introduced P-AdW term and from a canon Adunaic term.
  
• oban - pron. ob-un - "fore" - ob-, word root for "fore", "in front of" (Ad.) - Derived from a canon Adunaic term.
• obdô - pron. ob-doo - "before" - ob-, "fore", "in front of" (Ad.), îdô, "now" (Ad.) - Derived from canon Adunaic terms. Literally "fore-now".
• obtâidô - pron. ob-tie-doo - "already" - ob-, "fore", "in front of" (Ad.), tâidô, "once" (Ad.) - Derived from canon Adunaic terms. Literally "before-now".
• phurda - pron. phurda - "right", "rightward" - phurut, "north" (P-AdW) - Derived from the newly-introduced P-AdW term for "north" (phurut) in P-AdW Adunaic and P-AdW Westron. Inspired by the fact that the term for "south" and "north" in elvish have a shared etymology with the elvish terms for "left" and "right", because the elvish cultures perceived the west much like how modern day human cultures perceive the north (as a cardinal direction), or like how people in the Middle Ages perceived the east (even the term Orient is originally, etymologically related with orientation on a map). Adunaic's and Westron's terminology for north/south and right/left are the remnants of this elvish convention, even though they don't necessarily take it into account in everyday usage.   
  
• rîyê, rîya - pron. reeyé, reeya - "only", "just" - rie, "only" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term.
  
• sâpam - pron. saapam - "because", "since", "due to" - pan, "since", "because" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term.
• sû - pron. soo, sue -  "part", "part of" - sûza, "county", "province", "shire", "part of a land" (W.), zâyan, "krajina" (Ad.) - Derived from a canon Westron term and a related canon Adunaic term.
  

----

Prepositions (or more precisely, prepositional suffixes)

• NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES   
• -mâ - pron. -maa - "with" (generally), "to" (while talking) - -mâ, "with" (Ad.) - Canon Adunaic ending suffix. Examples: Narag bitha banakilmâ., "(The) Dwarf is talking with/to a hobbit."
  
• -bê - pron. -bé - "as", "like" - -bê, "as", "like" (Ad.) - Canon Adunaic ending suffix. Examples: Kibê uryu attô., "You are as/like your father."
• -ô - pron. -ó - "from" (a location, a state), "from" (someone, or some location) -ô, "from" (Ad.) - Canon Adunaic ending suffix. Examples: Zinî unakha kadarô., "The woman arrives from the city.". 
• -zê - pron. -zé - "at" (inside), "at" (outside, immediately next to something) - -zê, "at" (Ad.) - Canon Adunaic ending suffix. Examples: Naru uharâra hîmazadanzé., "The man sat at the inn.", Tamar utârlu abanakzê. "The smith is standing at the wagon."
• -rê - pron. -ré - "at", "by", "near" - har, har-, "near", "near-" (Q.), -zê, "at" (Ad.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term and the canon Adunaic ending suffix. Examples: Kirê zadan(e)t., "You are near the house."
  
• im, imi - pron. im, imi - "in", "within", "inside" - im, imi, "in", "within", "inside" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya terms. Loaned from Quenya, practically an identical set of terms. This is one of the few conventional prepositions in P-AdW Adunaic and Westron, used as typical prepositions are used in Slovak and English, not as suffix (endings) with a prepositional function.
• imab - pron. imab - "into", "(towards the) inside" - im, imi, "in", "within", "inside" (P-AdW.) - Derived from the aforementioned newly-introduced P-AdW term and the newly-introduced P-AdW suffix -nab (see below).
• anar - pron. anar - "for" (generally), "for (number of days/weeks/months/years)" (timespans) - an, atar, "for" (Q.), rá, rá-, hrá, hrá-, "for", "on behalf of" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya terms.     
  
• ano - pron. ano - "about whom", "about what" - ano - mân, "who" (P-AdW), man, "whom", yar, "to whom" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned newly-introduced P-AdW term and the aforementioned Quenya terms.
  
• âuda - pron. aauda - "just above", "on/upon something" (specifically), "on it" (abstract) - a-, prefix of the neuter grammatical gender (Ad.), -nud, "on/upon (something)" (Ad.), -ad/-ada, "towards", "to", "to (a certain cardinal direction)" (Ad.) - Derived from the canon Adunaic prefixes and suffixes. Examples: In sentences such as "on the meadow", "upon the meadow", "the wind blows on the meadow", but also "count on it". This is one of the few conventional prepositions in P-AdW Adunaic and Westron, which are used like typical prepositions in Slovak and English, not as suffixes with a prepositional meaning/function. The use of this preposition is more common in the colloquial form of P-AdW Adunaic and overall much more widespread in P-AdW Westron.
• kûn - pron. koon (like -oo- in "moon") - "without" - au-, "without" (Q.), ava-. "without" (Q.), ú, "without", conjunction (Q.), nec-, "without", prefix (Q.), -enca, "without", suffix (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya terms and word roots.
  
• -nud - pron. -nud - "on", "on someone/something" - -nud, "on" (Ad.) - Derived from the canon Adunaic ending suffix. Examples: In sentences such as "fear was/had fallen on him", "worries were/had fallen on him", "marks were carved on the surface of the door", and so on.
  
• -nab - pron. -nab - "onto", "upon", "onto someone/something" - -nud, "on" (Ad.), -ad, -ada, "towards" (Ad.) - Derived from the aforementioned canon Adunaic ending suffixes. Examples: In sentences such as "he played (upon) the harp", "he boarded (onto) the ship/wagon", and so on.
  
  
  

----


Conjunctions

• NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES   
• aran (Ad.), arn (W.) - pron. aran (Ad.), arn (W.) - "but", "however" - anat, apa, "but" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya terms.   
• du - pron. du - "should" - du-, "should-it-" (Ad.) - Derived from the canon Adunaic term for the "should-it-" auxilliary verb.
  
• ka - pron. ka - "and" - kadô, "and so" (Ad.) - Derived from the canon Adunaic term for "and so".
• khya (Ad.), hya (W.) - pron. khya (Ad.), hya (W.) - "or" - hya, "or" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term.
  
  

----
 

Particles

• NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES      
• adâr - pron. adaar - "again", "once more", "ever", "ever-more" -
• bâ - pron. baa - "no-", "not", "un-" - bâ, "no-", "not", "un-" (Ad.) - Derived from a canon Adunaic term, a canon Adunaic particle and prefix for "no", "not", "un-".
  
• dô - pron. doo (-oo as in "door" or "a" in "hall") - "so" - kadô, "and so" (Ad.) - Derived from the canon Adunaic term for "and so".
• îdô - pron. eedoo (-oo as in "door" or "a" in "hall") - "now" - 
• kîw (Ad.), kîv (W.) - pron. keev - "if" - qui, "if" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term.
  
• tâidô - pron. tie-doo (-oo as in "door" or "a" in "hall") - "once" - 
• tenra - pron. ten-ruh - "until", "till'" - tenna, "until", "up until" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term.
• zârîdô - pron. zaar-ee-doo  (-oo as in "door" or "a" in "hall") - "long ago", "a while back", "a long time ago" - zara, zar-, "old" (W.), îdô, "teraz" (Ad.) - Derived from a canon Westron term and a canon Adunaic term.

----

Interjections

• NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES
• Aha-ha-ha-ha ! or Âiha-ha-ha-ha ! - "Ha-ha-ha-ha !", "Cha-cha-cha-cha !" - Hypothetical form of our interjections denoting laughter, e.g. our "Ha-ha-ha-ha !", in P-AdW Adunaic and P-AdW Westron. The point is that the expanded version of both of these Tolkien languages should also include believable-sounding interjections, but ones that sound like they are from another, fictional world.
  
• Alyâ ! - pron. Alyaa ! - "Hurray !","Glorious !", "Great !" - alayambo, "hurray" (EvQ) - Derived from a term that can be found in the vocabulary of an early version of Quenya. 

 

----

External links

Eldamo.org:

Elf-dict.com: