Preklad starej anglickej veršovanej povesti zo severného Anglicka (okolia hradu v Bambrough) do P-AdW adunajčiny a P-AdW západčiny.
The article is under development.
Neviem, či profesor Tolkien niekedy čítal túto starú veršovanú povesť (resp. baladu) z Northumbrie, no úplne vylúčené to nie je. Zaujalo ma, že sa v nej nájde viacero prvkov, ktoré na mňa pôsobia ako zdroje inšpirácie podobné tým, ktoré inšpirovali jeho tvorbu a diela o Arde. Pôvodné korene tejto povesti s trochu nezvyčajným dračím motívom i motívom rodinnej lásky a súdržnosti siahajú ešte do raného stredoveku. Storočia sa šírila ústnou slovesnoťou. Prvýkrát bola písomne zaznamenaná v 13. až 14. storočí, v prepisoch sa potom opäť vynára v 18. storočí.
Naštudovanie povesti o bielom drakovi ("zemeplazovi") zo Spindleston Heugh, v podaní divadelnej spoločnosti Hazelsong Theatre. Vystúpenie a pieseň nakrútilo Archaeosoup Productions, apríl 2021.
Pôvodné znenie povesti/balady v angličtine:
The king is gone from Bamborough Castle,
Long may the princess mourn,
Long may she stand on the castle wall,
Looking for his return.
She has knotted the keys upon a string,
And with her she has them ta'en,
She has cast them o'er her left shoulder,
And to the gate she is gane.
She tripped out, she tripped in,
She tript into the yard;
But it was more for the king's sake,
Than for the queen's regard.
It fell out on a day, the king
Brought the queen with him home;
And all the lords, in our country,
To welcome them did come.
Oh! welcome father, the lady cries,
Unto your halls and bowers;
And so are you, my step-mother,
For all that's here is yours.
A lord said, wondering while she spake,
This princess of the North
Surpasses all the female kind in beauty, and in worth.
The envious queen replied, At least,
You might have excepted me;
In a few hours, I will her bring
Down to a low degree.
I will her liken to a Laidley worm,
That warps about the stone,
And not, till Childy Wynd comes back,
Shall she again be won.
The princess stood at the bower door
Laughing, who could her blame?
But e'er the next day's sun went down,
A long worm she became.
For seven miles east, and seven miles west,
And seven miles north, and south,
No blade of grass or corn could grow,
So venomous was here mouth.
The milk of seven stately cows,
It was costly her to keep,
Was brought her daily, which she drank
Before she went to sleep
At this day may be seen the cave,
Which held her folded up,
And the stone trough, thievery same
Out of which she did sup.
Word went east and word went west,
And word is gone over the sea,
That a Laidley worm in Spindleston-Heughs
Would ruin the North Country.
Word went east, and word went west,
And over the sea did go;
The Child of Wynd got wit of it,
Which filled his heart with woe.
He called straight his merry men all,
They thirty were and three:
I wish I were at Spindleston,
This desperate worm to see.
We have no time now here to waste,
Hence quickly let us sail:
My only sister Margaret,
Something, I fear, doth ail.
They built a ship without delay,
With masts of the rowan tree,
With fluttering sails of silk so fine,
And set her on the sea.
They went on board. The wind with speed
Blew them along the deep,
At length they spied an huge square tower
On a rock high and steep.
The sea was smooth, the weather clear,
When they approached nigher,
King Ida's castle they well knew,
And the banks of Bambroughshire.
The queen look'd out at her bower window,
To see what she could see;
There she espied a gallant ship
Sailing upon the sea.
When she beheld the silken sails,
Full glancing in the sun,
To sink the ship she went away,
Her witch wives every one.
The spells were vain; the hags returned
To the queen in sorrowful mood,
Crying that witches have no power,
Where there is rowan-tree wood.
Her last effort, she sent a boat,
Which in the haven lay,
With armed men to board the ship,
But they were driven away.
The worm leapt out, the worm leapt down,
She plaited round the stone;
And, aye, as the ship came to the land
She banged it off again.
The child then ran out of her reach
The ship on Budley-sand;
And jumping into the shallow sea,
Securely got to land.
And now he drew his berry-broad sword,
And laid it on her head;
And swore if she did harm to him
That he would strike her dead.
O! quit thy sword and bend thy bow,
And give me kisses three;
For though I am a poisonous worm,
No hurt I'll do to thee
Oh! quit thy sword, and bend thy bow,
And give me kisses three;
If I'm not won e'er the sun go down,
Won I shall never be.
He quitted his sword and bent his bow,
He gave her kisses three;
She crept into a hole a worm,
But out stept a lady.
No clothing had this lady fine,
To keep her from the cold
He took his mantle from him about,
And round her did it fold.
He has taken his mantle from him about,
And in it he wrapt her in,
And they are up to Bambrough castle,
As fast as they can win.
His absence and her serpent shape,
The king had long deplored,
He now rejoiced to see them both
Again to him restored.
The queen they wanted, whom they found
All pale, and sore afraid;
Because she knew her power must yield
To Childy Wynd's, who said,
Woe be to thee, thou wicked witch,
An ill death mayst thou dee;
As thou my sister has lik'ned,
So lik'ned shalt thou be.
I will turn you into a toad,
That on the ground doth wend;
And won, won, shat thou never be,
Till this world hath an end.
Now on the sand near Ida's tower,
She crawls a loathsome toad,
And venom spits on every maid
She meets upon her road.
The virgins all of Bambrough town
Will swear that they have seen
This spiteful toad, of monstrous size,
Whilst walking they have been.
All folks believe within the shire
This story to be true,
And they all run to Spindleston,
The cave and trough to view.
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Tolkien spomínal, že Fram, muž z národnosti, ktorá bola predkom Rohančanov, pomohol poraziť a zabiť draka meno Scatha (staroseversky, "Plieniteľ", "Ničiteľ"). Zaujímavé je, že Scatha he jediným Tolkienovým drakom, ktorého Tolkien opísal výrazom "long-worm", teda "dlhý drak", "dlhý zemeplaz". Náhoda ?
Ako som už spomínal, prvotný pôvod tejto povesti siaha ešte do raného stredoveku, do jazykovo anglosaských čias. Svedčí o tom aj fakt, že v balade vystupuje postava kráľa vládnuceho na severe Anglicka v Northumbrii, navyše s kráľovskými dedičmi, synom (kráľoviča/princa, v tejto povesti Wynd) a dcérou (princezná, v tejto povesti Margaréta). Anglicko v ranom stredoveku ešte nebolo zjednotené, pár storočí severu Anglicka dominovala Northumbria ako samostatná monarchia.
Tolkien pre svojich Rohančanov a ich národnostných predkov zo severu Anglicka do veľkej miery používal ako predlohu materiálnu aj slovesnú kultúru Anglosasov, vrátane anglosaštiny alias staroangličtiny. V Dvoch vežiach starnúcemu, smútiacemu kráľovi Théodenovi nedávno zabili syna Théodreda pri potýčke so Sarumanovým vojskom, Théoden upadá do depresie a vzďaľuje sa najbližšej rodine, Saruman to ešte umocní kliatbou a svojím špiónom na dvore Grímom.
Mnohé rozprávkové, povestné a baladické motívy sú veľmi staré. Preto by ma neprekvapilo, ak by sa Tolkien inšpiroval niekde inde, nie priamo touto povesťou, ale viaceré motívy by vyzneli podobne. Kráľovi z balady o Laidley Worm v časoch bezradnosti a smútku počarí zlá bosorka-macocha, ktorej naletí, stratí sebaúctu a záujem o najbližšiu rodinu. Kráľovi Théodenovi z Pána prsteňov v časoch bezradnosti a smútku počarí spojencov zrádzajúci čarodejník (istar) Saruman, hlava rádu čarodeníkov, a Théoden upadne do depresie, stratí sebaúctu a záujem o najbližšiu rodinu. Kráľa z balady spod kliatby pomôžu oslobodiť jeho vlastné deti, jeho dedičia, syn a dcéra. Kráľa Théodena z Pána prsteňov spod kliatby pomôžu oslobodiť jeho sekundárni dedičia, synovec a neter. Kráľovič Wynd z balady pomohol odkliať svoju sestru Margarétu z podoby "dlhého zemeplaza", "dlhého draka" naspäť do ľudskej podoby. Predok Rohančanov Fram zabil dlhého zemeplaza, "dlhého draka" Scathu. Určité podobnosti sa tam nájsť dajú.
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Translation into P-AdW Adunaic:
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Translation into P-AdW Westron:
Ârut han gone Bambrâ ôzdô,
Aphan may âruphêlet inda-hiniyira,
Aphan may hi stand on the castle wall,
Hitudi anar urya rinkonêth.
Hi has knotted the keys upon a string,
Ka with hi she has them ta'en,
Hi has cast them o'er hirya hardla rêma,
Ka anrâda hi is gane.
Hi tripped out, hi tripped in,
Hi tript imab banâdet;
Arn hva arhan more anar ârutya sake,
Than for the queen's regard.
It fell out on a day, the king
Brought the ârêmâ un ranu;
Ka kâth bârim, imi nêrya zâyan,
To welcome-yan did yanahanam.
Ôh! welcome attô, the lady cried,
Imab kirya halls ka sam îb;
Ka dô han ki, herya step-ammê,
Sâpam kâth that's tan han yours.
Brd bithsaid, wondering while she spake,
This âruphêl an-Phurut
Surpasses kâth the female kind im vâlnêth, ka im worth.
The envious ârê replied, At least,
Ki might have excepted me;
Imi a few lûmir, inda-ninahuyana irya
Dalada a low degree.
I will her liken to a Laidley worm,
That warps about the bora,
Ka bâ, tenra Childy Wâinad unaha nand,
Inda hi again inda-hirekadirân.
Âruphêl stood samêbla vendzê
Hilalazza, mân could irya blame?
Arn e'er the next day's sun went down,
Aphuloha hirolarra.
Anar hazad seven miles azladat, ka hazad miles adnada,
And seven miles north, and south,
No blade of grass or corn could grow,
So venomous was here mouth.
Ilimet an hazad stately cows,
It was costly her to keep,
Was brought her daily, which she drank
Before she went to sleep
At this day may be seen the cave,
Which held her folded up,
And the stone trough, thievery same
Out of which she did sup.
Word went east and word went west,
And word is gone over the sea,
That a Laidley worm in Spindleston-Heughs
Would ruin the North Country.
Word went east, and word went west,
And over the sea did go;
The Child of Wynd got wit of it,
Which filled his heart with woe.
He called straight his merry men all,
They thirty were ka three:
I wish I were at Spindleston,
This desperate loha to see.
We have no time îdô here to waste,
Hence quickly let us sail:
Herya only nêl Mârgarêd,
Something, I fear, doth ail.
Yamagannam balak without delay,
Sulîmmâ an phanâr abanpâ,
With fluttering sails an silk dô fine,
Ka set balak azrunab.
They went on board. Bavâb speed-mâ
Blew them along the deep,
At length they spied an huge square mênaz
On a rock high ka steep.
Azra arhan smooth, the weather clear,
When they approached nigher,
Aru Idaya ôzdet they well knew,
And the banks of Bambroughshire.
Târe hitudda âvada irya samêb avatunzê,
To see what hi could tudâ;
Tand she espied a gallant ship
Sailing upon the sea.
When she beheld the silken sails,
Full glancing urinud,
To sink balak hi hilentta-ak,
Hirya witch wives kth one.
The spells arham lûvaram; the hags yarînkonnam
Trêda im niyirla mood,
Crying amad ugrugî ya-have bân abâr,
Anz tanda phanâr-abanpâla ter.
Irya negla effort, hi hilentta lûnta,
Hatân im lônet yahayya,
Nardîthmâ to board balak,
Arn they were driven-ak.
Lohet leapt âva, lohet leapt dalad,
She plaited round the bora;
Ka, sâib, bêv balak yanaha abanada
She banged it off again.
Âruthôret tînd ran âvada an irya pântêth
Balak âuda Budley-marôn;
Ka jumping into the shallow sea,
Securely got to land.
Ka îdô he drew urya berry-broad zagar,
Ka lukhaya hva irya karznud;
Ka swore if hi did harm huda
That hu would strike irya dead.
O! quit thy sword and bend thy bow,
And give me kisses three;
For though I am a poisonous worm,
No hurt I'll do to thee
Oh! quit kirya zagar, ka bend thy bow,
Ka give hê kisses nlda;
If I'm not won e'er the sun go down,
Won I shall never be.
Hu quitted urya zagar ka bent his bow,
Hu gave irya kisses nîlda;
Hitrahar imab kûdada bêv loha,
Arn ûva stept a zin.
No clothing had this lady fine,
To keep irya from the cold
He took his mantle from him about,
Ka round irya did it fold.
Hu has taken his mantle from him about,
Ka in hva he wrapt irya in,
Ka they are amlad Bambrough ôzdada,
As fast as they can win.
Urya absence ka irya serpent shape,
aru had long deplored,
Hu îdô rejoiced to see them both
Again huda restored.
ârê they wanted, whom they found
Kâth pale, ka sore afraid;
Sâpam hi knew irya abâr must yield
To Childy Wynd's, mân said,
Woe be to ki-ada, ki wicked zigurê,
An ill agan mayst thou dee;
As thou my sister has lik'ned,
So lik'ned shalt thou be.
Ni inda-hurahya-ki imab bûlukvag,
That on the ground doth wend;
Ka rekadân, rekadân, shat ki abâlûr be,
Tenra sîn abân hath neg.
Îdô âuda marônt near Idaya mênaz,
Hi crawls a loathsome bûlukvag,
Ka venom spits on every maid
Hi meets âuda irya batân.
The virgins kâth of Bambrough kadar
Inda swear that they have seen
This spiteful bûlukvag, of monstrous size,
Whilst yayaddam they have been.
Kâth lâim/anâi believe within sûza
This kên to be true,
Ka they all run to Spindleston,
Urkûdet ka trough to view.
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Related articles
Slovak language version of this article
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External links
The folk-tale/ballad in verse The Laidley Worm of Spindleston Heugh (Mudcat.org.)
Theatre adaptation of the folk-tale Laidley Worm od Spindleston Heugh, Hazlesong Theatre (ArchaeoSoup)
Song adaptation of the folk-tale Laidley Worm od Spindleston Heugh, Hazlesong Theatre (ArchaeoSoup)
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