New additions - Numerals

New additions to numerals in P-AdW Adunaic and P-AdW Westron.

 

Tolkien's numerals for Adunaic and Westron remained an undeveloped word class (part of speech), in both of the constructed languages. It was necessary to carefully and thoughtfully derive most of the new vocabulary from the vocabulary of  Quenya.

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Basic numerals

• NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES  
  
• îr - pron. ear - "one" - îr, "one" (Eldarin word root) - Based on the Eldarin (western-elven, star-elven) word root for the term "one". An existing fan contribution to Tolkien's elvish languages that I adopted for the needs of the numerals in the P-AdW project.
• satta - pron. satta - "two" - satta, "two" (Ad.) - Canon Adunaic numeral denoting "two" (satta).
• nîldu, nîlda - pron. neeldu, neelda - "three" - neldë (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya numeral. P-AdW Adunaic uses the variant with the suffix ending -u, P-AdW Westron uses the variant with the suffix ending -a.
• tharan - pron. pharan - "four" - tharan (W.) - Canon Westron numeral denoting "four" (tharan).
  
• lêmin, lemen - pron. lémin, lemen - "five" - lempë, lemen (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya word roots of those particular numerals. P-AdW Adunaic uses the variant with the long e, P-AdW Westron uses the variant with the short e.
• ênkka, enge - pron. énkka, enge - "six" - enquë (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya numeral.
  
• hazid, hazad - pron. hazid, hazad - "seven" - hazid, hazad (Ad.) - Canon Adunaic numeral for "seven" (both the variants hazid and hazad). P-AdW Adunaic uses the variant hazid, P-AdW Westron uses the variant hazad.
• taldo - pron. taldo - "eight" - tolto, toldo (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya numerals.
• nidir - pron. nidir - "nine" - nidir (Eldarin word root) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya numeral, based on an Eldarin root. I use a derivative invented by David Salo for the music lyrics of the film trilogies.
  
• kan, kêun (Ad.), kaun, keun (W.) - pron. kan, kéun, kaun, keun - "ten" - quëan, quain (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya numerals.
  

Expanded numerals

• NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES  
  
• kaunîr - pron. kauneer - "eleven" -  - Literally "ten-one".
  
• kaunsat, keunsat - pron. kaunsat, keunsat - "twelve" -  - Literally "ten-two". 
• kaunîldu, kaunîlda - pron. kauníldu, kaunílda - "thirteen" -  - Literally "ten-three".
  
• kauntharan - pron. kaunfaran - "fourteen" -  - Literally "ten-four".
  
• kaunlêm, kaunlem - pron. kaunlém, kaunlem - "fifteen" -  - Literally "ten-five".
  
• kaunênkka, kaunenge - pron. kaunénkka, kaunenge - "sixteen" -  - Literally "ten-six". 
• kaunhazid, kaunhazad, keunhazad - pron. kaunhazid, kaunhazad, keunhazad - "seventeen" -  - Literally "ten-seven". 
• kauntaldo - pron. kauntaldo - "eighteen" -  - Literally "ten-eight". 
• kaunidir - pron. kaunidir - "nineteen" -  - Literally "ten-nine". 
• sattêkaun, sattekeun, atkaun, atkeun - pron. sattékaun, sattekeun, atkaun, atkeun - "twenty" - Literally "two-ten", "two-teen". Varianty atkaun a atkeun majú predstavovať hovorovejšie, "ľudové" formy výrazu.
• atkaunîr - pron. atkauneer - "twentyone" - - Literally "two-ten-one".
• atkaunsat - pron. atkaunsat - "twentytwo" - - Literally "two-ten-two".
• atkaunîldu (Ad.), atkaunîlda (W.) - pron. atkauneeldu, atkauneelda - "twentythree" - - Literally "dva-desať-tri".
• atkauntharan - pron. atkaunfaran - "twentyfour" - - Literally "two-ten-four".
• atkaunlêm, atkaunlem, atkeunlem- pron. atkaunlém, atkaunlem, atkeunlem - "twentyfive" - - Literally "two-ten-five".
• atkaunênkka, atkaunenge - pron. atkaunénkka, atkaunenge - "twentysix" - - Literally "two-ten-six".
• atkaunhazid, atkaunhazad - pron. atkaunhazid, atkaunhazad - "twentyseven" - - Literally "two-ten-seven".
  
• atkauntaldo - pron. atkauntaldo - "twentyeight" -  - Literally "two-ten-eight".
• atkaunidir - pron. atkaunidir - "twentynine" -   - Literally "two-ten-nine".
• nîldukaun (Ad.), nîldakaun (W.) - pron. níldukaun (Ad.), níldakaun (W.) - "thirty" - - Literally "three-ten".
• tharkaun - pron. pharkaun - "forty" - - Literally "four-ten".
• lêmkaun, lemkaun - pron. lémkaun, lemkaun - "fifty" -  - Literally "five-ten". 
• ênkkakaun, engekaun - pron. énkkakaun, engekaun - "sixty" -  - Literally "six-ten".
  
• hazidkaun, hazadkaun - pron. hazidkaun, hazadkaun - "seventy" -  - Literally "seven-ten". 
• taldokaun - pron. taldokaun - "eighty" -  - Literally "eight-ten".
  
• nidirkaun - pron. nidirkaun - "ninety" -  - Literally "nine-ten".
  
• abâran - pron. abaaran - "one hundred" -   - Literally "mighty-number". 
• abâranîr- pron. abaaraneer - "one hundred and one" -   - Literally "mighty-number-one".
  
• abârkaun - pron. abaarkaun - "one-hundred-(and)-ten" -   - Literally "mighty-number-ten".
  
• abârkaunîr - pron. abaarkauneer - "one-hundred-(and)-eleven" -   - Literally "mighty-number-ten-one". Bilbo's famous one-hundred-(and-)eleventh birthday. 
• abâratkaun - pron. abaaratkaun - "one-hundred-(and)-twenty" -   -  Literally "mighty-number-two-ten".
• abârnîldukaun, abârnîldakaun - pron. abaarníldukaun abaarníldakaun - "one-hundred-(and)-thirty" -   -  Literally "mighty-number-three-ten".
• abârtharkaun - pron. abárfarkaun - "one-hundred-(and)-forty" -   -  Literally "mighty-number-four-ten".
• abârlêmkaun, abârlemkaun, abârlemkeun - pron. abárlémkaun, abárlemkaun, abárlemkeun - "stopäťdesiat" -   -  Literally "mighty-number-five-ten".
• atabâr - pron. atabaar - "two hundred" -    - Literally "two-mighty-number".
• nîldabâr - pron. níldabaar - "three hundred" -    - Literally "three-mighty-number".
• tharabâr - pron. pharabaar - "four hundred" -   - Literally "four-mighty-number".
• lêmabâr, lemabâr - pron. lémabaar, lemabaar - "five hundred" -    - Literally "five-mighty-number".
• ênkkabâr, engebâr - pron. énkkabaar, engebaar - "six hundred" -    - Literally "six-mighty-number".
  
• hazabâr - pron. hazabár - "seven hundred" -  -  Literally "seven-mighty-number".
• taldabâr - pron. taldabár - "eight hundred" -   - Literally "eight-mighty-number".
• nidirbâr - pron. nidirbár - "nine hundred" -  - Literally "nine-mighty-number". 
• arîran - pron. areerun - "thousand ?" -  - Literally "royal-one-number". 

 

Please bear in mind that, when you're creating a numeral for a two-digit, double-digit number, if there are two consonants in a row, e.g. two "n" consonants, don't write those two consonants in a row. Instead, write the individual terms with only a single consonant, not doubled. Therefore, it is NOT kaunnílda, kaunnidir, atkaunnílda, atkaunnidir, but CORRECTLY only kaunílda, kaunidir, atkaunílda, atkaunidir. 

Though it is true that, particularly in canon Adunaic, there are often doubled consonants, but in the case of writing the newly-introduced P-AdW numerals, it was necessary to establish these rules, due to several phonetic and ortographic reasons.

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Numerals of order

• NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES  
  
• îrt - pron. ear-t - "first" - îr, "one" (P-AdW) -
• sattid (Ad.), satted (W.) - pron. sattid, satted - "second" - satta, "two" (Ad. / P-AdW) - 
• nîldud (Ad.), nîlded (W.) - pron. níldud, nílded - "ninth" - nîldu, nîlda, "three" (P-AdW) -
  
• tharêd (Ad.), thared (W.) - pron. faréd, fared - "fourth" - tharan, "four" (W. / P-AdW) - 
• lêmnid (Ad.), lemend (W.) - pron. lémind, lemend - "fifth" - lêmin, lemen, "five" (P-AdW) -
• enkid (Ad.), enged (W.) - pron. enkid, enged - "sixth" - enka, enge, "six" (P-AdW) -
• hazided (Ad.), hazaded (W.) - pron. hazided, hazaded - "seventh" - hazid, hazad, "seven" (Ad. / P-AdW) -
  
• taldod - pron. taldod - "eighth" - taldo, "eight" (P-AdW) -
  
• nidrid - pron. nidrid - "ninth" - nidir, "nine" (P-AdW) -
  
• kâunud, kêunud (Ad.), kaund, keund (W.) - pron. kaaunud, kéunud, kaund, keund - "tenth" - kaun, keun, "ten" (P-AdW) -
  

 

Hypothetical gendered variants of the order numerals (with endings based on the grammatical genders):

• NEW ADDITIONS ||| MASCULINE ||| FEMININE GENDER ||| NEUTER GENDER
• îrt ||| îrtun (Ad.), îrtan (W.) ||| îrtôl (Ad.), îrtel (W.) ||| îrta (oba jazyky)
• sattid (Ad.), satted (W.) ||| sattun (Ad.), sattet (W.) ||| sattôl (Ad.), sattel (W.) ||| sattota (both languages)
• nîldud (Ad.), nîlded (W.) ||| nildun (Ad.), nîldan (W.) ||| nildôl (Ad.), nildel (W.) ||| nildota (both languages) 
• tharêd (Ad.), thared (W.) ||| tharun (Ad.), tharen (W.) ||| tharôl (Ad.), tharel (W.) ||| tharta (both languages)
• lêmind (Ad.), lemend (W.) ||| lêminun (Ad.), lemenan (W.) ||| lêminôl (Ad.) lemenel (W.) ||| lêmina (Ad.), lemena (W.)
• enkid (Ad.), enged (W.) ||| enkun (Ad.), engan (W.) ||| enkôl (Ad.), engel (W.) ||| enkita (Ad.) engeta (W.)
• hazided (Ad.), hazaded (W.) ||| hazidun (Ad.), hazadan (W.) ||| hazidôl (Ad.), hazadel (W.) ||| hazida (Ad.), hazada (W.)
  
• taldod ||| taldun (Ad.), taldan (W.) ||| taldôl (Ad.), taldel (W.) ||| talda (both languages) 
• nidird ||| nidirun (Ad.), nidiran (W.) ||| nidirôl (Ad.), nidirel (W.) ||| nidira (both languages)
• kaund (Ad.), keund (W.) ||| kaunun (Ad.), keunan (W.) ||| kaunôl (Ad.), keunel (W.) ||| kaunta (Ad.), keunta (W.)

All of the "(Ad.)" and "(W.)" abbreviations in this particular overview of possible gendered variants only denote the newly-introduced P-AdW terms for Adunaic and Westron, and they do not denote any of Tolkien's canon terms from his own notes.

 

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Numerals denoting amount

• NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES  
  
• kâtha - pron. kaatha - "all", "everything", "all of" 
• ban - pron. bun - "(a) half"
• tharn - pron. pharn - "(a) quarter"

 

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The writing of numerals

Prídavné mená a väčšina podobných slovných druhov v adunajčine a západčine sa držia poradia prídavných mien a podstatných mien, aké poznáme vo väčšine reálnych európskych jazykov, napr. v angličtine, nemčine, maďarčine a slovanských jazykoch. Avšak, bežné číslovky - číslovky označujúce presný počet niečoho - sú napísané v opačnom poradí, podobne ako pri písaní prídavných mien a podstatných mien v reálnych jazykoch ako je waleština a francúzština. Príklady:

banakil îr = "one hobbit" (literally "hobbit one")
banakilât = "two hobbits", "a duo of hobbits" (literally "hobbits two" or "a hobbit duo/pair")
banakilîm hazid (Ad.) or banakilîm hazad (W.) = "seven hobbits" (literally "hobbits seven")

urug îr = "one bear" (literally "bear one")
urîg satta, urîgât = "two bears", "a duo/pair of bears" (literally "bears two" or "bears duo/pair")
urîg atkauntharan = "twentyfour bears" (literally "bears twentyfour")

abanak îr = "one wagon" (literally "wagon one")
abanîk satta, abanîkât = "two wagons", "a pair of wagons" (literally "wagons two" or "wagons pair")
abanîk lêmkaun-taldo (Ad.) or abanîk lemkaun-taldo (W.) = "fiftyeight wagons" (literally "wagons fiftyeight")

Ak chcete tieto slovné spojenia rozšíriť o prídavné mená, dá sa to urobiť nasledujúcim spôsobom:

tûca banakil îr = "one brave hobbit" (literally "brave hobbit one")
tûca banakilîm satta alebo tûca banakilât = "dvaja smelí hobiti" alebo "dvojica smelých hobitov" (literally "smelí hobiti dvaja")
tûka banakilîm hazid (Ad.) alebo tûca banakilîm hazad (W.) = "sedem smelých hobitov" (literally "smelých hobitov sedem")

bârâna urug îr = "jeden mocný medveď" (doslova "mocný medveď jeden")
bârâna urîg satta, bârâna urîgât = "dva mocné medvede", "dvojica mocných medveďov" (doslova "mocné medvede dva" alebo "mocných medveďov dvojica")
bârâna urîg atkaun-tharan = "dvadsaťštyri mocných medveďov" (doslova "mocných medveďov dvadsaťštyri")

zaden abanak îr = "jeden krytý voz" (doslova "krytý voz jeden")
zaden abanîk satta, zaden abanîkât = "dva kryté vozy", "pár krytých vozov" (doslova "kryté vozy dva" alebo "krytých vozov pár")
zadên abanîk lêmkaun-taldo (Adunaic) zaden abanîk lemkaun-taldo (Westron) = "päťdesiatosem krytých vozov" (doslova "krytých vozov päťdesiatosem")

Samozrejme, ak ide iba o jednu jedinú osobu, zviera, či vec, stačí nám povedať alebo napísať tûca banakil, bârâna urug, zaden abanak.

Avšak, čo sa týka poradových čísloviek alebo čísloviek množstva, tieto číslovky sú písané v obvyklejšom poradí prídavných mien a podstatných mien:

hazidun banakil (Ad.) or hazadan banakil (W.) = "the seventh hobbit"
atkauntharun urug (Ad.) or atkauntharen urug (W.) = "the twentyfourth bear"
lêmkaun-taldun abanak (Ad.) or lemkaun-taldan abanak (W.) = "the fiftyeighth wagon"

A ak chceme tú istú kombináciu čísloviek, prídavných mien a podstatných mien, ale s príponami jednotlivých gramatických rodov, použijeme:

hazidun tûka banakil (Ad.) or hazadan tûca banakil (W.) = "the seventh brave hobbit"
atkauntharun bârâna urug (Ad.) or atkauntharen bârâna urug (W.) = "the twentyfourth mighty bear"
lêmkaun-taldun zadên abanak (Ad.) or lemkaun-taldan zaden abanak (W.) = "the fifty-eighth covered wagon"

 

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That's all regarding the numerals in P-AdW, a word type covered very little in Tolkien's canon notes on Adunaic and Westron, or in his other texts in both fictional languages. I hope that it wasn't too difficult to orient oneself in these detailed notes, and that you've been able to find the information on P-AdW numerals you've been looking for.