New vocabulary of P-AdW Adunaic and P-AdW Westron nouns, related to the topic of cooking, baking, food preparation, the kitchen and cuisine/culinary matters.
The article is under construction.
(C) Audrey Corman - Cram (Middle-earth Collectible Card Game)
General terms
- NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES
- abazêth - pron. a-ba-zéth/u-ba-zéth - "cooking", "preparation of food by cooking" - apsa, "cooked food" (Q.), aptaina, "cooked", "broiled" (Q. reconst.), aes, "cooked food" (N.), brath, "to cook", word root (S. reconst.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya terms, a Noldorin term and a reconstructed Sindarin term (word root), derived from the word root of an early version of elvish (MPE, "Middle Primitive Elvish").
- kornê (Ad.), kôrne (W.) - pron. kor-né, kór-ne (-oo- as in "door") - "peceň" - cornë, "peceň" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term. Denotes particularly loaves of a round, circular shape (note the similarity with the term kôr, "circle", "ring", "ring shape"), but can also be used for elongated loaves and loaves of other shapes.
Kitchen utensils and dishware
- NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES
- talab, talîb (Ad.), talb, tîlb (W.), tîlat - pron. talab, taleeb (Ad.), talb, teelb (W.), teal-at - "bowl" (sg.), "bowls" (pl.), "a pair of bowls" (dl.) - tolpo, salba, "bowl", "small bowl" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya terms. The diminutive "small bowl" would likely be miytalab, miytalb or talabik, talbik.
Cooking ingredients
- NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES
- dâirazar, dâirazîr - pron. die-ra-zar, die-ra-zeer - "potato", "tater" (sg.), "potatoes", "taters" (pl.) - dâira, "earth", "soil" (Ad.), razar, "small apple" (W.) - Derived from a canon Adunaic term and a canon Westron term. Literally "earth-apple", "earthen apple", terms similar to some real historical terms for potatoes which became commonplace in many real world languages.
- dâirumaza, dâirumazi - pron. die-ru-ma-za/muz-uh, die-ru-muz-eer - "earth-bread" (sg.), "earth-breads" (pl.) - dâira, "earth", "soil" (Ad.), maza, "bread" (P-AdW) - Derived from a canon Adunaic term and from a newly-introduced P-AdW term. Literally "earth-bread". An edible root plant, one that occured in northwestern Middle-earth, where it was e.g. collected, stored as supplies and prepared by the Petty-dwarves of the First Age. Based on its description, these plants are apparently not potatoes, but a certain kind of beet or similar edible root. The plant might be based on a real plant, but it could equally be fictional. In any case, it falls under kulub, root vegetable.
- galab, kharagalab (Ad.), galap, haragalap (W.) - pron. gull-ub, kha-ra-gull-ub, gull-up, ha-ra-gull-up - "wild game", "game", "(hunted) animals" - khara, hara, "wild" (P-AdW), galap, "game", "wild game" (W.) gala-, "of wild game" (W.), Galabas, "Gamwich" (W.), Galbasi, "Gammidge", "Gamgee", "of Gamwich" (W.) - A canon Westron term (galap) and the newly-introduced P-AdW terms that derive from it (galab, kharagalab and haragalap). Also note the related terms and names in canon Westron.
- glîs, glîsi - pron. glees, glee-si- - "honey" (sg.), "honey(s)" (pl.) - glí, "honey" (N.), lís, "honey" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned terms, word roots from Noldorin (the Noldor dialect) and Quenya. The form glîz- is used mainly in single-word terms with the word root "honey-", which aren't connected with a hyphen.
- karkulub, karaskulub, karkulbi, karaskulbi - pron. kar(as)kulub, kar(as)kulbi - "carrot" (sg.), "carrots" (pl.) - karas(a), "red" (P-AdW), kulub, "edible root" (Ad.) - Derived from a newly-introduced P-AdW term and a canon Adunaic term. Literally "red edible root", "red root vegetable".
- kulub, kulba, kulbî - pron. kul-ub, kul-ba, kul-bee - "root vegetable" (common gen.), "edible root" (sg.), "edible roots" (pl.) - kulub, "edible root", "root vegetable" (Ad.) - Kánonický adunajský výraz. Tvar v podmetovom páde je kulban (jednotné číslo).
- mêkse, mêksi - pron. mék-se, mék-si - "meat" (sg.), "meats" (pl.) - maxe, "meat" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term. Variations of the term include lîngla mêkse, "fish meat", sakalungla mêkse, "crab meat", porokla mêkse, "poultry (meat)", "chicken (meat"), kurûrla mêkse, "pigeon meat", terporokla mêkse, "grouse (meat)", kawôwla mêkse (Ad.), kavôvla mêkse (W.), "duck (meat)", "duck", mâvla mêkse, "lamb (meat)", "lamb", rasmâvla mêkse, "ram (meat)", "mutton", pôlgla mêkse, pôlgumêkse, "pork", "pig meat", yakhala mêkse, yakhumêkse, "beef", "veal", "cow meat", galabla/galapla mêkse or galab-mêkse/galap-mêkse, "venison", "wild game meat". The "salted pork" mentioned by Tolkien would be sinkân pôlgumêkse.
- orêv, orê - pron. o-rév, o-ré - "grain" - orë, "grain" (Q.), ore, "grain" (EvQ) - Derived from the aforementioned term from Quenya and term from Qenya (an early version of Quenya).
- oriwa, oriw (sg. Ad.), oriwi (pl. Ad.), oriva, oriv (sg. W.), orivi (pl. W.) - pron. o-riv-a, o-riv, o-ri-i - "hrach" (sg.), "peas" (pl.) - orivaine, "pea" (EvQ) - Derived from a term from an early version of Quenya (Qenya). The form in the subjective case is orwan, orvan.
- polu, pôl, pôli - pron. po-lu, pool (-oo- as in "door"), poo-li (-oo- as in "door") - "oats" (sg.), "oats" (pl.) - pole, "oats" (EvQ) - Derived from a term from an early version of Quenya (Qenya). The form in the subjective case is polô, pôla.
- sinkê (Ad.), sink (W.), sinkî (pl.) - pron. sink-é (Ad.), sink (W.), sink-ee (pl.) - "salt" (sg.), "salts" (pl.) - singë, "salt" (Q.), singwa, "salty", adj. (Q.), sing, "salt" (S.), singren, "salty", adj. (S. reconst.), siñgi, "salt" (primitive elvish) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya terms, Sindarin terms and a term from an early form of elvish (primitive elvish). Food (or water) with a salty flavour would be sinkla or sinkal, "salty", "salty-tasting", while food preserved through salting would be sinkân, "salted" (passive connotation, e.g. sinkân mêkse, "salted meat").
- tuyûre, tuyûri (Ad.), tyûre, tyûri (W.) - pron. tu-yoo-re, tu-yoo-ri (Ad.), t-yoo-re, t-yoo-ri (W.) - "cheese" (sg.), "cheeses" (pl.) - tyur, "cheese" (Q.), tyurmë, "cheese" (Q.), cûr, "cheese" (S.), kyur, "(milk) curd", "curd cheese", word root (primitive elvish) - Derived from the aforementioned term (a word root) from early, primitive forms of elvish, and from the aforementioned Quenya and Sindarin terms.
- vâinukul, niyukul, vâinukulbî, niyukulbî - pron. wine-u-cull, niy-u-cull, wine-u-cull-bee, niy-u-cull-bee - "onion" (sg.), "onions" (pl.) - vâinu-, "sheath-", obj. c. (P-AdW), niyu-, "tear(drop)", obj. c. (P-AdW), kulba, "edible root", "root vegetable" (Ad.), kulbî, "edible roots", "root vegetables" (Ad.) - Derived from the aforementioned newly-introduced P-AdW terms and from a canon Adunaic term. Literally "sheathed-root vegetable", "sheathed-root vegetables" or "tear(-inducing)-root vegetable", "tear(-incuding)-root vegetables". To compare with other fictional languages of Arda, a similar term would be the reconstructed Quenya neologism linvainëa, lit. "many-sheathed".
- vanukaraz (Ad.), vanukarz (W.), vanukarîz - pron. va-nu-ka-raz (Ad.), va-nu-karz (W.), va-nu-ka-reez - "cabbage" (sg.), "cabbages" (pl.) - vanu-, "veil-", obj. c. (P-AdW), karaz, "head" (P-AdW), karz, "head" (P-AdW), karîz, "heads" (P-AdW) - Derived from the aforementioned newly-introduced P-AdW terms. Literally "veil-head", referring to the cabbage leaves enveloping the central head of the cabbage. Green cabbage would be layaga vanukaraz in P-AdW Adunaic and layaga vanukarz in P-AdW Westron.
- yavê, yavî - pron. ya-vé, ya-vee - "fruit", "piece of fruit" (sg.), "fruits", "pieces of fruit" (pl.) - yávë, yáva, "fruit" (Q.), yáve, "fruit" (RvQ) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya terms and from terms in an early version of Quenya (known as Qenya).
- zilib, zilîb - pron. zi-lib, zi-leeb - "butter" (sg.), "butters" (pl.) - zilib, "butter" (W.) - A canon Westron term. The plural is a newly-introduced term.
As already noted in the Agricultural crops section of the Flora, plants and fungi article, outside of the exceptions of potatoes and tobacco, established and explained by Tolkien himself, there are no known equivalents of New World crops anywhere in Middle-earth (which only has Old World crops, as well as a few additional fictional plant species). Thus, it's not really possible for the people in the Westlands or other parts of Middle-earth to grow, prepare and eat tomatoes, maize, sunflowers, or squash, pumpkins, gourds and other genus cucurbita crops, or pineapples, and the like.
Laurel trees and olive trees are among the flora of the more southern regions in Gondor and parts of Harad, with the Mediterranean-style climate of these areas. This would make the use of olive oil in Gondorian and Harad cooking and cuisine a possibility. Otherwise, most of the cooking and frying elsewhere in the Westlands seems to use only butter or fat. There are no known examples of anyone using non-olive oil for cooking, so analogues of rapeseed oil are unlikely, and analogues of sunflower oil are impossible due to the New World origin of sunflowers. People in Arnor (and thus in also in the Bree-land and the Shire), the various Northmen countries and peoples (Beornings, Bardings, Woodmen, etc.), the Dunlendings, the Rohirrim, the various dwarven peoples and states, no doubt even many of the Easterlings, would all use butter, lard or fat for frying or other cooking purposes.
Gondorians, even the Rangers of Gondor as defensive troops at their camps in the wilderness and borderlands, were noted as using trays, bowls and plates carved from laurel wood, besides ceramic and metal eating and cooking utensils.
Types of dishes
- NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES
- mazêta, mazêti - pron. ma-zé-ta, ma-zé-ti - "cake", "sweeter pastry" (sg.), "cakes", "sweeter cakes" (pl.) - masta, "cake", "sweeter pastry" (Q.), maza, "bread" (P-AdW) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term and from the aforementioned newly-introduced P-AdW term.
- zûlba - pron. zool-ba, zool-buh - "soup" - sulpa, "soup" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term. Variations of the term include lîngal zûlba, "fish soup", orival zûlba, "pea soup", vanukarzal zûlba, "cabbage soup", karkulubal zûlba, "carrot soup", yakhala zûlba, yakhuzûlba, "beef soup", dâirazaral zûlba, "potato soup".
(C) Kathleen 'Kay' Woollard - Heatherale and cram - Dwarves pause on a journey
Staple foods and foods of wayfarers
- NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES
- bâtumaza, bâtumazi - pron. baa-tu-maza/muz-uh, baa-tu-ma-zi - "way-bread" (sg.), "way-breads" (pl.) - bâtu-, "road-", "way-" (Ad./P-AdW), maza, "bread" (P-AdW) - Derived from a canon Adunaic and P-AdW word root for "road", "way" (bâtu-, from bâtan, "road") and from a newly-introduced P-AdW term for "bread".
- glîs-mazêta, glîsumazêta, glîzmazêta, glîs-mazêti , glîsumazêti, glîzmazêti - pron. glees-ma-zé-ta, glees-u-ma-zé-ta, gleez-ma-zé-ta, glees-ma-zé-ti, glees-u-ma-zé-ti, gleez-ma-zé-ti - "honey-cake", "honey cake/cram" (sg.), "honey-cakes", "honey cakes/crams" (pl.) - glís, "honey" (P-AdW), glísu-, "honey-", glíz-, "honey-", obj. c. (P-AdW), mazêta, "cake", "sweeter pastry" (P-AdW), masta, "cake", "sweeter pastry" (Q.), maza, "bread" (P-AdW) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term and the aforementioned newly-introduced P-AdW terms. Honey-cakes or honey breads/cakes of the Beornings would be referred to as Urugunila glîs-mazêta (glîsumazêta, glîzmazêta) or as glîs-mazêta (glîsumazêta, glîzmazêta) an-Urugunil.
- karam, karami - porn. ka-rum, ka-rum-i - "cram" (sg.) "loaves/pieces of cram" (pl.) - cram, "cram", "pressed cake" (S.), craim, "cram", "pressed cakes" (S.) - Derived from the aforementioned Sindarin terms. These elvish terms for this type of pastry or food seem also occur in Tolkien's canon Westron, seemingly directly borrowed from Sindarin. As depicted in various Third Age stories, cram seems to be part pressed cake, part flat-bread, sometimes part pastry with pemicam. Cram usually includes honey and milk aside from flour and meal, and also chunks of other ingredients, such as dried berries or fruits, dried pieces of meat (the aforementioned pemicam-like nature) and similar additions. It is not as nutritional a "way-bread" as the specially made elvish lembas.
- maza, mazi - pron. maza/muz-uh, muz-i - "bread" (sg.), "breads" (pl.) - massa, "bread" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term.
- nimrumaza, (nimral) bâtumaza - pron. nim-ru-ma-za/nim-ru-muz-uh, (nim-ral) baa-tu-ma-za/baa-tu-muz-uh - "lembas", "(elven) way-bread" - nimru-, "elf-", "elven-", obj. c. (P-AdW), maza, "bread" (P-AdW), nimral, "elven" (P-AdW), bâtumaza, "way-bread" (P-AdW) - Derived from newly-introduced P-AdW terms. Literally "elf-bread", "elven bread" or "(elven) way-bread".
Drinks
- NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES
- glîs-sûge, glîsusûge, glîzmêre - pron. glees-soog-eh, gleesu-soog-eh, gleez-mér-eh - "mead" - glís, "honey" (P-AdW), glísu-, "honey-", glíz-, "honey-", obj. c. (P-AdW), sûge, "drink", "beverage" (P-AdW), mêre, "wine" (P-AdW) - Derived from newly-introduced P-AdW terms. Literally "honey-drink" and "honey-wine".
- hîm, hîma - pron. heem, heem-uh - "ale", "beer" - hîm, hîma, "beer" (W.) - A canon Westron term. Canon Hobbitish Westron had the expression bralda hîm, "heady ale". The hobbits also used it as a geographic pun for the Baranduin river at the eastern borders of the Shire, the name of the river in canon Westron, including the Hobbitish dialect, being Brandanîn ("boundary-water").
- kêutukula sûge, kêutukula sûgi - pron. kéu-tu-kula sooga, kéu-tu-kula soogi - "chicory", "chicory coffee" (sg.), "chicories", "chicory coffees" (pl.) - kêutukul iluyinzila, "chicory", plant (P-AdW), sûge, "drink", "beverages" (P-AdW), sûgi, "drinks", "beverages" (P-AdW) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya term and from a newly-introduced P-AdW terms, including a term inspired by a canon Adunaic term. The literal translation of the entire P-AdW name would be "refresh-root blue-flowered" (or "blue-flowered refresh-root"), which is a rather apt description of chicory and the possible herbal/medicial and culinary use of its dried and ground-up root for preparing chicory, chicory coffee. It is highly probable most of the so-called "coffee" that Tolkien describes in the cuisine of the hobbits (e.g. in Bilbo's household) has nothing in common with coffee beans from the distant south, but is instead a hobbit home recipe for chicory coffee (which has a similar dark colouration as actual, real coffee).
- lâugumêre, ûrlamêre - pron. laau-gu-mé-re, oor-la-mé-re - "miruvor" - lâugla, lâugal, "warm" (P-AdW), ûrla, "hot", "warming" (P-AdW), mêre, "wine" (P-AdW), miruvor, "miruvor", recipe from Imladris, Rivendell, "elvish mead", "elvish mulled wine/cordial" (S.), miru, "wine" (Q.), mirúve, "winy", "like wine" (Q.), miruvórë, "miruvor", the original recipe in Valinor (Q.), mirubhōze, "miruvor", the original recipe in Valinor (V.) - Derived from newly-introduced P-AdW terms and inspired by Sindarin, Quenya and Valarin terms. Literally "warm-wine", "warming-wine", "heating-wine". The plural is formed in the same manner as in the word "wine" (see below).
- mêre, merîr - pron. mé-re, me-reer/rear - "wine" (sg.), "wines" (pl.) - miru, "wine" (Q.), mirúve, "winy", "like wine" (Q.) - Derived from the aforementioned Quenya terms. The wine plant, vine, vines, is called mêrteran ("wine-woody-plant", "wine-shrub", "wine-tree"), but the term mêre can also be used as a more figurative, more poetic name for vine, vines.
- sûge, sûgi - pron. soog-eh, soo-gi - "drink", "beverage" (sg.), "drinks", "beverages" (pl.) - sûga, "(to) drink" (P-AdW), "to provide refreshment", "renew" (Q.) - Derived from a newly-introduced P-AdW term, a verb inspired by a Quenya term.
- (sûgla) nîn, (sûgal) nîn - pron. (soog-luh, soog-ul) neen - "(drinking) water", "water (for drinking)" - sûga, "(to) drink" (P-AdW), sûgla, sûgal, "drinkable", "for drinking" (P-AdW), nîn, "water" (P-AdW) - Derived from a newly-introduced P-AdW terms.
- ûrkulsûge, ûrkulsûgi - pron. oor-kul-soog-eh, oor-kul-soog-i - "(ground-up) root tea" (sg.), "(ground-up) root teas" (pl.) - ûrla, "hot" (P-AdW), kul-, "root-", obj. c. (P-AdW), sûge, "drink", "beverage", sûgi, "nápoje", "beverages" (P-AdW) - Derived from newly-introduced P-AdW terms. Literally "hot root drink", "hot root drinks". Only the teas made with ground-up edible roots of various herbs and plants with medicinal or nutritional properties. A term related to the use of dried and ground-up chicory root as a coffee substitute, in the form of chicory.
- ûryavusûge, ûryavusûgi - pron. oor-ya-wu-soog-eh, oor-ya-wu-soog-i - "fruit tea" (sg.), "fruit teas" (pl.) - ûrla, "hot" (P-AdW), yavu-, "fruit-", obj. c. (P-AdW), sûge, "drink", "beverage", sûgi, "nápoje", "beverages" (P-AdW) - Derived from newly-introduced P-AdW terms. Literally "hot fruit drink", "hot fruit drinks". Only for teas made with fruit, including berries.
- yavusâw, yavusîw (Ad.), yavusâv, yavusîv (W.) - pron. ya-wu-saav, ya-vu-sieve - "fruit juice" (sg.), "fruit juices" (pl.) - yavu-, "fruit-", obj. c. (P-AdW), sâw, "juice", sîw, "juices" (P-AdW-Ad.), sâv, "juice", sîv, "juices" (P-AdW-W.) - Derived from newly-introduced P-AdW terms. Literally "fruit juice", "fruit juices".
- yavusûge, yavusûgi - pron. ya-wu-soog-eh, ya-wu-soog-i - "fruit drink" (sg.), "fruit drinks" (pl.) - yavu-, "fruit-", obj. c. (P-AdW), sûge, "drink", sûgi, "drinks" (P-AdW) - Derived from newly-introduced P-AdW terms. Literally "fruit drink", "fruit drinks".
(C) Matěj Čadil - Frodo's Farewell Feast
Dining
- NEW ADDITIONS - PRONUNCIATION - MEANING - DERIVED FROM... - NOTES
- pâkalra, pâimkalra - pron. paa-cull-ra, pie-m-cull-ra - "to east with fingers", "to east with hands" - pâ, "hand" (Ad.), pâim, "fingers" (P-AdW), kala, "to eat"(P-AdW) - Článok je o podstatných menách, ale uvediem aj pár príkladov slovies.
- sûga - pron. soog-uh/soog/a - "to drink" - sûga, "(to) drink" (P-AdW), "to provide refreshment", "renew" (Q.) - Derived from a newly-introduced P-AdW term, a verb inspired by a Quenya term.
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Related articles
Slovak language version of this article
New additions - Nouns - Flora, plants and fungi
New additions - Nouns - Fauna, animals, wildlife
New additions - Nouns - Inorganic nature and geology
New additions - Nouns - Culture and society
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External links
Eldamo.org:
aiwë (Q.), alph (S.), alqua (Q.), annabon (S.), aras (S.), azra (Ad.), ban(a)- (W.), cab- (S.) cabor (S.), cirincë (Q.), dâira (Ad.), fanto (Q.), filit (Q.), fion, fiondi (Q.), gamba (W.), haldad (EdL/Tal.), haro (EvQ), hravan (Q.), huzun (Ad.), hyalma (Q.), ingwilin (Q.), karab (Ad.), kawak (raná elfčina), kelvar (Q.), khô, khôi (Ad.), kûd (W.), leweg (Q.), leuca (Q.), lingwe (Q.), malo (Q.), míruvoáma (Q.), meoi (Q.), mîk (Ad.), mîth (Ad.), miy- (Ad.), míruvorë (Q.), miruvor (S.), mûmak (W.), mundo (Q.), narak, narîka (Ad.), narmo (Q.), noldare, nolpa (Q.), quácë (Q.), raba (Ad.), ras (W./S.), rasillo (Q.), rossë (Q.), ribadyan (W.), rusco (Q.), suk- (Q.), yávë (Q.), zilib (W.)
Elfdict.com:
aiwë (Q.), alph (S.), alqua (Q.), annabon (S.), aras (S.), azra (Ad.), ban(a)- (W.), budhulug (S.) cab- (S.), cabor (S.), cap- (Q.), cirincë (Q.), cucua (Q.), dâira (Ad.), fanto (Q.), filit (Q.), fion, fiondi (Q.), gamba (W.), haldad (EdL/Tal.), haro (EvQ), hó (Q.), hravan (Q.), hyalma (Q.), ingwilin (EvQ), karab (Ad.), kawak (raná elfčina), kelvar (Q.), khô, khôi (Ad.), kûd (W.), leweg (S.), leuca (Q.), lingwe (Q.), lingwileuca (Q.), malo (Q.), máma (Q.), mëoi (Q.), mîk (Ad.), mth (Ad.), miy- (Ad.), míruvorë (Q.), suc- (Q.), yávë (Q.), zilib (Z.)
Tolkien Gateway:
Food of the Shire (English-language blog on foods and meals in the culinary tradition of the hobbits)
What were the honey-cakes of the Beornings ? (analytical article by Michael Martinez)
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